Като учител в ниво Speaking English Elementary много често се сблъсквам с проблема ‘Как да се изразя най- точно?’ и затова в следващите няколко публикации ще се опитам да бъда полезна на учениците си с информация по темата.
И така, започвам с въпроса – каква е разликата между думите зная, познавам, запознавам (се), разпознавам, признавам (за): (още…)
Продължавам с темата ‘Как да се изразя най- точно?’ и по- точно – думи в английския със значение отказвам се, отказ, отхвърлям:
to refuse– отказвам
We asked him for help but he refused.
He refused to sign the cheque.
I was refused a visa.
refusal– отказ
to give up /smoking; the idea of/ отказвам се от
to reject – /an offer/ отхвърлям
rejection– отказ, отхвърляне
to deny– опровергавам, отричам, отхвърлям /обвинение/, отказвам на молба
He denied the charge/accusation/.
He denied having been there.
She denies her children nothing.
to be denied admittance
denial– отказ
to repudiate – отхвърлям, отказавм да приема
to repudiate an old friend/ the authorship of an article
repudiation– отхвърляне, отричане, отритване
За да (по)знаем рода на дадено съществително име можем да се ръководим и от правилата, дадени в последната – трета точка, от тази тема.
3. Съществителни, чиито род се определя от този на родовото понятие:
а) от мъжки род са съществителните, които означават имена на:
el río – el Danubio, el Ebro, el Guadalquivir, etc.
el mar – el Mediterráneo, el Mar Negro, etc.
el océano – el Atlántico, el Pacífico, etc.
el lago – el Titicaca, el Balatón, etc.
el monte – el Pirin, los Alpes, los Balcanes, etc.
el volcán – el Vesubio, etc.
los puntos cardinales – el Norte, el Sur, el Este, el Oeste (още…)
Антонимите са тези думи, които имат противоположно значение на дадената, напр. красив – грозен; удобен – неудобен. Както на български език, така и на испански език, антонимът или е дума с друг корен, или се образува от дадената чрез представки.
Най-напред предлагам малко информация за образуването на антоними с помoщта на представките:
-in (още…)
Образуването на антонимите може да стане и с представките
-des, – dis
bloquear – desbloquear (блокирам – деблокирам)
mejorado – desmejorado (подобрен – влошен)
enlace – desenlace (връзка – развръзка)
conectado – desconectado (включен – изключен)
equilibrio – desequilibrio (равновесие – неравновесие)
agradable – desagradable (приятен – неприятен)
alojar – dealojar (настанявам – опразвам сграда)
gusto – disgusto (удоволствие – неудоволствие), etc.
или чрез дума – антоним , който няма същия корен като на дадената
bueno – malo (добър – лош)
hermoso – feo (хубав – грозен)
ancho – estrecho (широк – тесен)
alto – bajo (висок – нисък)
mojado – seco (мокър – сух)
Teacher: Maria please point to America on the map.
Maria: This is it.
Teacher: Well done. Now class, who found America?
Class: Maria did.
A man was pulled over for driving too fast, even though he thought he was driving just fine.
Officer: You were speeding.
Man: No, I wasn’t.
Officer: Yes, you were. I’m giving you a ticket.
Man: But I wasn’t speeding.
Officer: Tell that to the judge! (The officer gives man the ticket.)
Man: Would I get another ticket if I called you a jerk?
Officer: Yes, you would.
Man: What if I just thought that you were?
Officer: I can’t give you a ticket for what you think.
Man: Fine, I think you’re a jerk!
A: I’m in a big trouble!
B: Why is that?
A: I saw a mouse in my house!
B: Oh, well, all you need to do is use a trap.
A: I don’t have one.
B: Well then, buy one.
A: Can’t afford one.
B: I can give you mine if you want.
A: That sounds good.
B: All you need to do is just use some cheese in order to make the mouse come to the trap.
A: I don’t have any cheese.
B: Okay then, take a piece of bread and put a bit of oil in it and put it in the trap.
A: I don’t have oil.
B: Well, then put only a small piece of bread.
A: I don’t have bread.
B: Then what is the mouse doing at your house?!
Fred is 32 years old and he is still single.
One day a friend asked, „Why aren’t you married? Can’t you find a woman who will be a good wife?“
Fred replied, „Actually, I’ve found many women I wanted to marry, but when I bring them home to meet my parents, my mother doesn’t like them.“
His friend thinks for a moment and says, „I’ve got the perfect solution, just find a girl who’s just like your mother.“
A few months later they meet again and his friend says, „Did you find the perfect girl? Did your mother like her?“
With a frown on his face, Fred answers, „Yes, I found the perfect girl. She was just like my mother. You were right, my mother liked her very much.“
The friend said, „Then what’s the problem?“
Fred replied, „My father doesn’t like her.“
1. affect (v) /ударението пада на последната сричка a – ЕFECT/ – засягам, въздействам, влиая (физически или емоционално);
Adverse criticism of the book didn’t affect the author.
/Неблагоприятната критика за книгата не засегна автора./
2. affect (n) /когато ударението пада на първата сричка AFF-ect/ – чувство или емоция ясно изразени чрез израза на лицето или езика на тялото;
When left our home he was in affect.
/Когато напусна дома ни той беше в афект./
3. effect (n) – резултат, последица, следствие; въздействие;
The years of hard work as a miner had a bad effect on his health.
Did you Know?
MASS
[mæs]
I. n литургия, богослужение, high/low MASS голяма/малка литургия
2. The modern Christmas tree tradition came from western Germany, from a medieval custom, as a paradise tree – a tree decorated with apples, wafers (or cookies), and candles representing the Garden of Eden, the host, and Christ.
HOST
[houst]
I. 1. множество, тълпа
HOSTs of troubles куп неприятности
2. ост. воинство, войска
the HOSTs of Heaven небесните светила, звездите, ангелите
II. 1. домакин, стопанин
2. хотелиер, съдържател
3. биол. гостоприемник
III. n църк. хостия, нафора
A joke
A man goes into a pet shop to buy a parrot. The shop owner points to three identical looking parrots on a perch and says: „The parrot on the left costs $500.“ „Why, does the parrot cost so much?“, asks the first man. The owner says, „Well the parrot knows how to use a computer.“ The man then asks about the next parrot. He is told that this one costs $1000, because it can do everything the other parrot can do, plus it knows how to use the UNIX operating system. Naturally, the increasingly startled man asks about the third parrot. He is told that it costs $2000. Needless to say this begs the question, „What can it do?“ To which the owner replies, „To be honest I have never seen it do a thing, but the other two call him boss!“
PERCH
[рə:tʃ]
I. 1. прът (на който кацат кокошки да спят)
2. високо/сигурно място/положение/пост
INCREASINGLY
[in’kri:siŋli]
adv все повече
STARTLE
[sta:tl]
1. сепвам (се), стряскам (се), изплашвам, разтревожвам, изненадвам, учудвам, слисвам
NEEDLESS
[‘ni:dlis]
a ненужен, непотребен, безполезен, излишен, безсмислен
(it is) NEEDLESS to say няма нужда/излишно е да се казва, разбира се
Често се греши употребата на прилагателни завършващи на -ing или -ed. Прилагателните, които завършват на -ing описват предмет, животно или човек, а тези, които завършват на -ed описват изпитаните емоции или чувства.
PRESENT PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVE -ING |
PAST PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVE -ED |
Cause of the feeling or emotion – The present participle serves as an adjective formed from an active verb. |
Receiver of the feeling or emotion – The past participle serves as an adjective formed from the passive form of the verb. |
The clown was entertaining the family. (active verb) |
The family was entertained by the clown. (passive verb) |
The clown was entertaining. (present participial adjective ) |
The family was entertained. (past participial adjective ) |
|
CAUSE OF THE FEELING |
RECEIVER OF THE FEELING |
||
| alarming | frustrating | alarmed | frustrated |
| amusing | humiliating | amused | humiliated |
| annoying | interesting | annoyed | interested |
| boring | intriguing | bored | intrigued |
| concerning | overwhelming | concerned | overwhelmed |
| confusing | perplexing | confused | perplexed |
| embarrassing | pleasing | embarrassed | pleased |
| encouraging | relaxing | encouraged | relaxed |
| energizing | satisfying | energized | satisfied |
| entertaining | shocking | entertained | shocked |
| exciting | surprising | excited | surprised |
| exhausting | terrifying | exhausted | terrified |
| frightening | tiring | frightened | tired |
To go to great/all/any lengths
To try all the possible ways of achieving something, even if it means going beyond expected or accepted boundaries.
Готов съм на всичко (за да постигна нещо.
Some people go to great lengths to achieve their goals – Някои хора са готови на всичко, за да постигнат целите си.
Snowed under
To have too much work.
Да имаш много работа; затрупан (претоварен) с работа.
I have been snowed under with work during the last two weeks – През последните две седмици бях затрупана с работа.
Take (something) lying down
To accept or suffer (something) without arguing, complaining or trying to avoid it – приемам нещо безропотно; отминавам без да реагирам.
I won’t take this insult lying down. I shall see my lawyer immediately – Няма да отмина тази обида. Незабавно ще се видя с адвоката си.
Back to the drawing board
To start again from the very beginning and make new plans.
Отново от нулата; отначало.
The teacher didn’t like our project, so we need to go back to the drawing board – Учителят не хареса проекта ни, така че трябва да почваме отначало.
Definition of „look“
Look –to look at something for a reason, with an intention – гледам нещо с основание, с намерение.
‘Look at that strange man.’
‘Look at the pictures I took on holiday.’
When we see something intentionally, we look at it. So we look at something with a reason, with an intention. „look“ has the central idea of paying attention to something or somebody.
e.g.: look at the plane in the sky. Can you see?
Why are you looking at me like this?
Definition of „See“ (още…)
